C++ structure (struct creation, structure array, structure pointer, structure nested structure, structure function parameters, const variable use)
Table of contents
C++ structure (struct creation, structure array, structure pointer, structure nested structure, structure function parameters, const variable use)
1. Structure creation
2. Structure creation code demonstration
3. Structure array
4. Structure array code demonstration
5. Structural pointer
6. Structure pointer code
7. Structure nested structure
8. Structure nested structure code
9. Structure as function parameters
10. Demonstrate the function parameter code of the structure
11. Scenario of using structure const variables
1. Structure creation
- struct structure name variable name
- struct structure name Variable name = { member value 1, member value 2,...}
- Define variables when defining structures
2. Structure creation code demonstration
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//There are three ways to create variables through structures
//1. struct structure name variable name
//2. struct structure name Variable name = { member value 1, member value 2,...}
//3. Define variables when defining structure
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
struct Student2
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
}s3;
int main() {
//The first type
Student s1;
= "Zhang San";
= 18;
= 99;
cout << "name=" << << " age=" << << " score=" << << endl;
//The second type
Student s2 = {"Wang Er",18,97};
cout << "name=" << << " age=" << << " score=" << << endl;
//The third type
= "Wang Er";
= 17;
= 78;
cout << "name=" << << " age=" << << " score=" << << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}name=Zhang San age=18 score=99
name=Wang Er aged=18 score=97
name=Wang Er aged=17 score=78
Please press any key to continue. . .
3. Structure array
- Define structure
//1. Define the structure
struct student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};- Create an array of structures
//2. Create a structure array
struct student stuarr[3] = {
{"Zhang San",18,100},
{"Li Si", 17, 90},
{"Wang Er",16,80}
};- Assign values to elements in a structure array
//3. Assign values to elements in the structure array
stuarr[2].name = "Li San";
stuarr[2].age = 17;
stuarr[2].score = 10;- Iterate through the structure array
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "Name:" << stuarr[i].name << "\tAge:" << stuarr[i].age << "\tScore:" << stuarr[i].score << endl;
}4. Structure array code demonstration
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//Structure array
//1. Define the structure
struct student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main() {
//2. Create a structure array
struct student stuarr[3] = {
{"Zhang San",18,100},
{"Li Si", 17, 90},
{"Wang Er",16,80}
};
//3. Assign values to elements in the structure array
stuarr[2].name = "Li San";
stuarr[2].age = 17;
stuarr[2].score = 10;
//4. Traverse the structure array
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "Name:" << stuarr[i].name << "\tAge:" << stuarr[i].age << "\tScore:" << stuarr[i].score << endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}Name: Zhang San Age: 18 Score: 100
Name: Li Si Age: 17 Score: 90
Name: Li San Age: 17 Score: 10
Please press any key to continue. . .
5. Structural pointer
- Create student structure variables
- Point to structure variables through pointers
- Accessing data in structure variables through pointers, and accessing properties in structure through structure pointers, you need to use "->"
6. Structure pointer code
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//Structure array
struct student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main() {
//1. Create student structure variable
student s1 = { "Li Si",19,90 };
//2. Point to structure variables through pointers
student *p = &s1;
//3. Access the data in the structure variable through pointer
cout << "Name:" << p->name << "\tAge:" << p->age << "\tScore:" << p->score<<endl;
//To access properties in the structure through the structure pointer, you need to use "->"
system("pause");
return 0;
}Name: Li Si Age: 19 Score: 90
Please press any key to continue. . .
7. Structure nested structure
Including another structure variable in one structure, the structure needs to be defined in advance.
struct student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
struct teacher
{
string name;
int age;
string id;
struct student stu;
};8. Structure nested structure code
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//Structure nested structure
struct student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
struct teacher
{
string name;
int age;
string id;
struct student stu;
};
int main() {
teacher t1;
= "001";
= "King";
= 50;
= "Xiao Wang";
= 15;
= 90;
cout << << endl << << endl << << endl
<< << endl << << endl << << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}001
The King
50
Little King
15
90
Please press any key to continue. . .
9. Structure as function parameters
Function: Pass the structure as a parameter to the function
Method: value transfer, address transfer
10. Demonstrate the function parameter code of the structure
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//Structure as function parameters
//Function: Pass the structure as a parameter to the function
//There are two ways of passing: value passing and address passing
struct student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
//Value transfer
void print(student s1) {
cout << "Value Passing" << endl;
= 100;
cout << "Subfunction name: " << << "\tAge: " << << "\tScore: " << << endl;
}
//Address delivery
void print2(student *s) {
cout <<"Address delivery" << endl;
s->age = 90;
cout << "Subfunction name: " <<s->name<< "\tAge:" << s->age << "\tScore:" << s->score << endl;
}
int main() {
student s1;
= "Lijian";
= 25;
= 100;
print(s1);
cout << "Main function name: " << << "\tAge: " << << "\tScore: " << << endl;
print2(&s1);
cout << "Main function name: " << << "\tAge: " << << "\tScore: " << << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}Value pass
Subfunction Name: Lijian Age: 100 Score: 100
Main function name: Lijian Age: 25 Score: 100
Address delivery
Subfunction Name: Lijian Age: 90 Score: 100
Main function name: Lijian Age: 90 Score: 100
Please press any key to continue. . .
11. Scenario of using structure const variables
After joining const, an error will be reported once there is a modification operation, which can prevent our misoperation from modifying external data.
void print3(const student *s) {//After joining const, an error will be reported once there is a modification operation, which can prevent our misoperation from modifying external data
cout << "const variable usage scenario" << endl;
//s->age = 90;Error
cout << "Subfunction name: " << s->name << "\tAge: " << s->age << "\tScore: " << s->score << endl;
}