/noteshare?id=a4ff8e712b172352874c4545f9ebd111&sub=1D099432AC524FE5BB24B27228FC8DDD
ls -r: output the sorting result in reverse, for example: the original file name is from small to large, and the reverse is from large to small
VI/VIM Summary
VI operation mode
VI Command Mode
VI Edit/Insert Mode
VI Bottom Line Mode
Common VI operations
VI Example
VI/VIM Overview
VI is allLinuxThe system provides a text editor, which provides a window through which text files can be edited
Why learn VI/VIM?
Interview may ask
In some cases, it must be used
Improve work efficiency (code development)
VIM is an enhanced version of VI that supports all functions of VI.
Add command
Enhanced features include color marking
VI edit to create a file
In the Linux terminal, you can open the vi tool by directly entering vi. At this time, the default is command mode
If the specific file name is followed by vi, it means that the file is opened for viewing and editing
Edit an existing file (see the tip at the bottom: 0L 0C)
Edit a file that does not exist (see the tip at the bottom: [New File]) - Create
Exit vi step:
1、ESC
2、：
3. wq (save exit) or wq! (force exit and save) or q (no saving exit) or q! (Forced exit without saving): Only lowercase
4. Enter
"" [New File]: Edit a non-existent file—New
"" 0L, 0C: Edit existing file—0 lines 0 characters
VI operation mode
vi can be divided into three operating modes, namely
1. Command mode
2. Insert mode
3. Bottom line mode
Three working states to complete different tasks
Command mode
The default status when you first entered
You cannot add text directly at this time
Can't delete text in backspace
Control the movement of the screen cursor: use the cursor keys to move up, down, left and right
Delete, copy, paste characters: dd-delete
Enter insert mode: enter i or 0
Enter the bottom line mode: Enter the colon:
echo dfhsdfhref >>
cat
Insert mode
File content can be edited in insert mode
In insert mode, there is a - - INSERT - - Mark
In command mode, you can enter the following characters into the insert mode
i: Insert, insert the entered character from where the cursor is currently located (input before the cursor)
a: Add, the next character where the cursor is currently located starts to insert characters (input after the cursor)
o: Insert a new line and enter text from the beginning of the line (input for the new line)
s: Delete the current resource and enter insert mode
In the insert mode, press the ESC key to switch to the command mode
Bottom line mode
After first pressing the Esc key to enter the command mode, enter the colon: enter the bottom line mode
In the bottom line mode, you can complete the file saving, content replacement, display format setting and other tasks
Three mode switching
Command Mode
vi: Enter command mode first
Insert mode
i-: Enter insert mode and start editing at the current location
a-: Enter the insert mode and start editing in the next character
o-: Enter insert mode, add a new line and start editing
s: Enter insert mode, delete the current resource and start editing
Esc: Return to command mode
Bottom line mode
Press ":" to enter the bottom line mode
Esc: Return to command mode
Exit vi
Press wq (save and exit)
wq! (Forcibly exit and save)
q (Exit without saving)
q! (Forced exit without saving)
Insert mode and bottom line mode cannot be switched directly, you can only switch to command mode first.
Command mode function—cursor movement
Use up, down, left and right cursor keys: There is little content
Press G: Move to the last line of the file shift+g=G
Press gg: Move to the beginning of the file The first line of the first line
Press 0 or ^: The cursor moves to the beginning of the line
according toKaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 591: …set nonu: No line number is not displayed #̲: # is the number you want to enter, press Enter...s/string/replace/g" will replace the string string in the full text with the replace string
Or %s/string/replace/g
1, $ means from the first line to the last line
s means replacement
g means that each row is replaced
1, 20s/string/replace/g: replace string between 1 and 20 lines with replace string,
w filename: If you want to extract a paragraph of the article and save it into another file, you can use this instruction # instead of the serial number, such as 30, 50, w nice —WindowsSave As
Bottom line mode function - save, exit
: w filename (save file as filename)
: wq (save the file and exit vi)
:! q (Forcibly exit vi does not save the currently changed content)
Commonly used keys
Esc: Switch back to command mode
wq!: Force exit vi and save
i: Enter insert mode
:: Enter bottom line mode
Backspace: I entered wrong, fallback and delete
Cursor keys: Move the cursor position
Change the "lowercase man string" between 50 and 100 lines to "uppercase MAN string", and choose one by one, does it need to be modified?
:50,100s/man/MAN/gc If there is no gc, replace it directly
Linux vi and vim
vi
Three modes:
『General Mode』: Cursor
『Edit mode』: i,o,a,r
『Instruction column command mode』 ":/?"
example:
1. Please create a directory called vitest in the /tmp directory;
2. Copy /etc/ to the bottom of this directory;
3. Move to line 58 and move 40 characters to the right. What directory is in the double quotes you see?
4. Move to the first line and search down the string "bzip2". Which line is it in?
5. Change the "lowercase man string" between lines 50 and 100 to "uppercase MAN string", and choose one by one, does it need to be modified?
6. After the modification, I suddenly regretted it. What are the methods to restore it all?
7. I want to copy the nine lines 65 to 73 (containing MANPATH_MAP) and post it after the last line;
8. I don’t want the annotated data with the # symbol starting from lines 21 to 42. How do I delete it?
9. Save this file as a file name;
10. Go to line 27 and delete 15 characters. What is the first word that appears?
11. Add a new line to the first line, and enter "I am a student..." in the content of the line;
12. Save it and leave!
operate:
1.『mkdir /tmp/vitest』 『cd /tmp/vitest』
2.『cp /etc/ .』『vi 』『:set nu』
3.『58G』『40→』
4.『1G』/『gg』『/bzip2』
5.『:50,100s/man/MAN/gc』If there is no gc, replace it directly
6. (1) A simple method can be pressed "u" to return to the original state.
(2) After using " :q! ' without storage, read the file again;
7.『65G』 『 9yy 』『 G 』『 p 』
8.『 21G 』→『 22dd 』
9.『 :w 』
10.『27G』『 15x 』
11. First 『1G『O』』』『I am a student…』[Esc]
12.『:wq』
vim
Copy: y, paste: p, delete: d, v: reverse white selection, V: row selection
[Ctrl]+v block selection, select information in a rectangular way
document:
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.4
192.168.1.5
192.168.1.6
192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8
example:
1. The document is as above, copy all hostx to the last column
2. Multi-file editing: Copy the first 3 lines to another file
3. Multi-window function: compare before and after the document
operate:
1. Stop the cursor at h on the first line, and place the cursor at 8, "y" and "p"
2. 『vim』 First display the previous one, use ":file" to view the current file
『3yy』『:n』『G』『p』『:q』
3. Add the file name after 『:sp』 and open another one. Switch the window to "[ctrl]+w" and then release it and press ↓
Exit 『:q』 can only exit one by one