GitIt is a distributed version control system used to track and manage code modifications in software development projects. The following are the basic concepts and how to use Git.
1. Repository: A Git repository is a place where code is stored, which can be a local repository or a remote repository. Local repositories are located on the developer's computer, while remote repositories are usually located in the cloud, such as those on GitHub.
2. Branch: Each Git repository can have one or more branches. Branches are used to process multiple versions of code simultaneously. The main branch is often called "master" and is often used for stable production code. Developers can create new branches to experiment, develop new features, or fix bugs, and then merge the code back to the main branch when finished.
3. Commit: Commit is a basic operation in Git, used to save file modifications. Each commit contains a unique identifier (commit ID), as well as author, timestamp, and a description of the commit. Submitting can be considered a snapshot of a project, allowing developers to track changes in their code.
4. Remote operation: Git allows developers to synchronize local repositories with remote repositories. Developers can push the code to a remote repository or pull the latest code from the remote repository. Remote operations enable developers to work with team members, share code and resolve conflicts.
5. Merge: Merge is the process of merging the modifications of one branch to another branch. When developers complete a feature in a branch or fix a bug, they can merge these modifications into the main branch. Git will automatically try to merge and modify, but in the event of a conflict, the developer needs to resolve the conflict manually.
6. Revert: If a commit introduces an error or problem, the developer can use a rollback to undo the commit. The rollback operation creates a new commit, undoing previous changes. This way the developer can restore to its previous state.
How Git is used usually involves the following steps:
1. Initialize the repository: Use the `git init` command to create a new Git repository locally.
2. Add a file: Use the `git add` command to add the file to the Staging Area.
3. Submit files: Use the `git commit` command to submit files in the temporary storage area to the local repository.
4. Create a branch: Use the `git branch` command to create a new branch.
5. Switch branches: Use the `git checkout` command to switch to a branch.
6. Merge branches: Use the `git merge` command to merge the modifications of a branch to the current branch.
7. Push to the remote repository: Use the `git push` command to push the modifications of the local repository to the remote repository.
8. Pull the remote repository: Use the `git pull` command to pull the latest code from the remote repository.
9. View commit history: Use the `git log` command to view the commit history, including the author, timestamp, and a description of the commit.
10. Rollback: Use the `git revert` command to revoke a committed change.
The above are the basic concepts and usage of Git, they are carried outVersion controland the core functions of collaborative development. With Git, developers can easily track changes in their code, collaborate on developing and managing projects.
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