# matplotlib 3D drawing
# 3D axes (which belong to the Axes3D class) are created by passing the projection="3d" keyword parameter to Figure.add_subplot:
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(100)
y = np.random.randint(0, 300, 100)
z = np.random.randint(0, 200, 100)
# 3D line diagram
def line_3d():
# Wire
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
# c color, marker: style * snowflake
ax.plot(xs=x, ys=y, zs=z, c="y", marker="*")
plt.show()
# 3D scatter plot
def scatter_3d():
# Scatter plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
# s: the size of the marker marker
# c: Color can be single, can be sequence
# depthshade: Whether to color scatter marks for a depth look. Each call to scatter() will perform its depth shading independently.
# marker: style
ax.scatter(xs=x, ys=y, zs=0, zdir='z', s=30, c="g", depthshade=True, cmap="jet", marker="^")
plt.show()
def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
"""
Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
"""
return (vmax - vmin) * np.random.rand(n) + vmin
# 3D random color scatter plot
def scatter_random_color_3d():
# Random color scatter plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
# c: Color can be single, can be sequence
# ‘b’ blue, g’ green, ‘r’ red, ‘c’ cyan
# ‘m’ magenta Purple, ‘y’ yellow Yellow, ‘k’ black Black, ‘w’white White
colors = ['b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'w']
c = np.repeat(colors, 15)[:100]
ax.scatter(xs=x, ys=y, zs=0, zdir='z', s=30, c=c, depthshade=True, cmap="jet", marker="^")
plt.show()
# demo example
# Set seeds to reproduce random values
np.random.seed(19680801)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
n = 100
# For each style, draw n random points
# Define x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
for m, zlow, zhigh in [('o', -50, -25), ('^', -30, -5)]:
xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)
ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)
ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, marker=m)
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')
plt.show()
# Wireframe
def wireframe_3d():
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
x = np.random.randint(-30, high=30, size=(50,)).reshape((25, 2))
y = np.random.randint(-30, high=30, size=(50,)).reshape((25, 2))
z = np.zeros(50).reshape((25, 2))
# c: Color
# ‘b’ blue, g’ green, ‘r’ red, ‘c’ cyan
# ‘m’ magenta Purple, ‘y’ yellow Yellow, ‘k’ black Black, ‘w’white White
ax.plot_wireframe(x, y, z, color='m')
plt.show()
# demo example
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
# Get test data
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
# Draw a basic wireframe
ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, color='c', rstride=10, cstride=10)
plt.show()
# Surface drawing, by default, will be shaded with solid colors, but it also supports color mapping by providing cmap parameters.
# rcount and ccount kwargs both default to 50, which determines the maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input data is large, it is downsampled (by slice) to these points.
# To maximize rendering speed, set rstride and cstride as divisors of row count 1 and column count 1, respectively. For example, given 51 rows, rstride can be any divisor of 50.
# Similarly, setting rstride and cstride equals 1 (or rcount and ccount equals rows and columns equals) can use the optimization path.
def surface_3d():
# 3D Surface (Color Map) Demonstrate drawing 3D surfaces colored with warm and cold color maps. Make the surface opaque by using antialiased=False.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator
import numpy as np
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={"projection": "3d"})
# Build data
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)
Z = np.sin(R)
# Draw a surface diagram
# Draw a 3D surface colored with a warm and cold color map. Make the surface opaque by using antialiased=False.
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
# Customize the z-axis
ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
# A StrMethodFormatter is used automatically
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter('{x:.02f}')
# Add a color bar to display the color interval
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)
plt.show()
# Draw a surface diagram
# Draw a 3D surface colored with a warm and cold color map. Make the surface transparent by using antialiased=True.
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={"projection": "3d"})
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
linewidth=0, antialiased=True)
# Customize the z-axis
ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
# A StrMethodFormatter is used automatically
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter('{x:.02f}')
# Add a color bar to display the color interval
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)
plt.show()
# Triangle Surface Diagram
def tri_surface_3d():
n_radii = 8
n_angles = 36
# Set the radius and angle to an arithmetic array (omit radius r=0 to eliminate duplication)
# start, stop, n, endpoint The default endpoint is True, including stop, False, and does not include stop
radii = np.linspace(0.125, 1.0, n_radii)
angles = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, n_angles, endpoint=False)[..., np.newaxis]
# Convert polar coordinates (radius, angle) to cartesian Cartesian coordinates (x, y)
# (0, 0) Added manually at this stage, so points in the (x, y) plane will not be repeated
x = np.append(0, (radii * np.cos(angles)).flatten())
y = np.append(0, (radii * np.sin(angles)).flatten())
# Calculate z to generate a Pringle surface
z = np.sin(-x * y)
ax = plt.figure().add_subplot(projection='3d')
ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z, linewidth=0.2, antialiased=True)
plt.show()
# 3D line diagram
line_3d()
# 3D scatter plot
scatter_3d()
# 3D random color scatter plot
scatter_random_color_3d()
# Wireframe
wireframe_3d()
# Surface drawing, by default, will be shaded with solid colors, but it also supports color mapping by providing cmap parameters.
surface_3d()
# Triangle Surface Diagram
tri_surface_3d()
